Hindu kingdom of Majapahit kingdom in East Java. This kingdom includes ancient kingdom in Indonesia which was established in 1293 to 1500 M. Majapahit kingdom was founded by Raden Wijaya (1293 M). This kingdom reached its peak in the 14th century, namely during the reign of Hayam Wuruk (1350-1389 AD) who was accompanied by Patih Gadjah Mada (1331-1364 AD). Majapahit kingdom is the last Hindu kingdom in the Malay Peninsula and is considered as one of the greatest empire in the history of Indonesia. Majapahit dominate other kingdoms in the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra, Bali, and the Philippines. The main sources used by historians to prove the existence of Majapahit was Pararaton ( "Book of Kings") Kawi language and Nagarakertagama in ancient Javanese language. Pararaton much more to tell Ken Arok (the founder of Singhasari) but includes some short sections on the formation of Majapahit. Meanwhile, Nagarakertagama is a poem written in Old Javanese Majapahit golden age under the reign of Hayam Wuruk. In addition, there are several inscriptions in the ancient Javanese language and history of the country of China and other countries.
Origin of the establishment of Majapahit
The origin of the kingdom of Majapahit told that after Singasari expel Sriwijaya of Java as a whole in 1290, Singhasari became the most powerful empire in the region. This is a concern of Kublai Khan, the ruler of the Yuan Dynasty in China. He sent a messenger named Meng Chi to Singasari demanding tribute. Kertanagara, Singasari last monarch, refused to pay tribute and destroyed the face of the envoy and cut off his ear. Kublai Khan was furious and dispatched a large expedition to Java in 1293 AD At that time, Jayakatwang, Duke Kediri, killing Kertanagara. On the advice and Aria Wiraraja, Jayakatwang give forgiveness to Raden Wijaya, Kertanegara-law, who came to surrender. Raden Wijaya then given Pull Forest. He opened the forest and built a new village named Majapahit. The name was taken and "fruit maja" and "bitterness" and the fruit. When the troops arrived Mongolia, Raden Wijaya allied with Mongolian troops to fight Jayakatwang. Raden Wijaya turned against Mongol allies forcing them to menanik return its troops because they are in unfamiliar territory. Date of birth of the Majapahit kingdom on 10 November 1293 is the day of the coronation as king Raden Wijaya. He was crowned with the official name Kertarajasa Jayawardhana.
Early kingdom of Majapahit
This kingdom is facing many problems. Some reliable Kertarajasa, including Ranggalawe, Sora, and Nambi rebelled against him, even though the rebellion was not successful. But apparently Mahapatih Halayudha who did conspiracy to bring down all the reliable king. He did it in order to achieve the highest position in the government. However, after the death of the last rebel (Kuti), Halayudha dltangkap and imprisoned, and sentenced to death. Raden Wijaya died in 1309 AD Son and successor of Raden Wijaya, Jayanegara is the master of evil and immoral. It has a small name Kala Gemet, which means "weak villain," Year 1328 M. Jayanegara killed by his doctors, Tanca. Stepmother namely Gayatri Rajapatni should replace him, but Rajapatni chose to resign and the palace and become priestesses. Rajapatni Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi appoints daughter to be queen of Majapahit. During power Tnibhuwana, Iebih Majapahit Empire evolved into a large and well-known. Tribhuwana master Majapahit until her death in 1350 AD Its leadership was continued by his son, Hayam Wuruk.
The Golden Age kingdom of Majapahit
Hayam Wuruk, also referred to as Rajasanagara. He ruled Majapahit and the years 1350-1389 AD Majapahit achieving the peak of its glory with the help Mahapatihnya, Gadjah Mada. Under the order of Gadjah Mada (1313-1364 AD), Majapahit master Iebih many areas. In 1377 AD, a few years after the death of Gadjah Mada, Majapahit attack Palembang to the sea, causing the collapse of the remnants of the kingdom of Srivijaya. Besides Gadjah Mada, Majapahit also has a famous general who was also named Adityawarman. He is famous for conquest in Minangkabau. According to the thirteenth canto Kakawin Nagarakertagama-XV, Majapahit territory, including Sumatra, the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara Islands, Maluku, Papua, and most of the Philippine Islands. However, the limits of nature and the economy showed that the areas of power are not under the centralized rule of Majapahit, but connected to one another by trading in the form of monopoly by the king. Majapahit also has a relationship with Campa, Cambodia, Siam, southern Burma, and Vietnam, and even send dutanya ambassador to China.
The collapse of the Majapahit Kingdom
Majapahit power gradually weakened when the civil war (War Paregreg) in the year 1405 to 1406 AD, among Wirabhumi against Wikramawardhana. There is also the turn of the king being debated in the 1450s and a major revolt by a nobleman in 1468 AD Majapahit Empire ended in 1400 Saka or 1478 AD This is evident in candrasengkala (a marker of the year), which reads "vanished ilang kertaning earth" that means "vanished lose the prosperity of the earth". In that year described the death of Bhre Kertabumi, king of the 11th Majapahit, by Girindrawardhana. Majapahit kingdom setback occurred in the late 14th century and early 15th century. Majapahit influence throughout the country began to decrease. At the same time, an Islamic empire to stand the Sultanate of Malacca, began to appear in the western part of the archipelago. The historical record of Chinese, Portuguese, and Italian explained that there has been a transfer of power from the hands of the Hindu Majapahit into the hands of the Duke of Unus, authorities and the Sultanate of Demak, between 1518 and 1521 M.
So a description of the history of the kingdom of Majapahit until Collapses, may be useful.
Reference:
Hendarsah, Amir. 2010. Popular Stories archipelago kingdom. Yogyakarta: Yogyakarta Great Publisher.
www.faezya.com
www.faezya.com
1 comment:
Not a very good sum, lacking some grammar and the phrasing is a bit off. I hope you're getting better at your English, from your fellow Indonesian.
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