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| illustration of kingdom Pajajaran |
Pajajaran Kingdom is the other name of the Kingdom of Sunda when the kingdom's capital in the city or pakuan pajajaran Pajajaran (Bogor) in West Java is located in Parahyangan (Sunda). Pakuan word itself comes from the word meaning Pakuwuan city. In the past, in Southeast Asia there is a habit of naming the kingdom by the name of its capital. Some of the notes that the kingdom was founded in 923 by Sri Jayabhupati, as mentioned in the inscription Sanghyang Tread (1030 M) in the village Pangcalikan and Bantarmuncang, the banks of the River Cicatih, Cibadak, Love the Earth.
Early pakuan pajajaran
As written in history, the end of the 1400s weakened Majapahit. Rebellion, each jockeying for power among the brothers repeatedly occur. At the time of the fall of King Kertabumi (Brawijaya V) that flows IDPs from relatives to the capital of the kingdom of Majapahit Galuh in Kawali, Kuningan, West Java.
Raden Baribin, one of the brothers of King Kertabumi among them. Besides accepted peacefully by Raja Dewa Niskala he even married to Ratna Ayu Kirana one of the daughters of King Dewa Niskala. Do not stop there, the King is also married to one of the displaced families in the group Raden Barinbin.
Marriage Dewa Niskala was angered King Susuktunggal of the Kingdom of Sunda. Dewa Niskala deemed to have violated the rules that should be adhered to. Rule it out since the "War of Bubat" which states that the Sunda-Galuh forbidden to marry with a descendant of the Majapahit.
Barely a war between the two kings were actually have a daughter-in-law. Known for Jayadewata daughter-in-law, son of the king Dewa Niskala was the son of King Susuktunggal.
Fortunately, then an advisory board managed to reconcile the two decisions: two kings should come down from the throne. Then they had to give up the throne to the crown prince appointed.
Dewa Niskala pointed Jayadewata, his son, as successor to power. King Susuktunggal also appoint the same name. Thus, finally Jayadewata uniting the two kingdoms. Jayadewata which then holds Baduga Sri Maharaja began to reign in pakuan pajajaran in 1482.
Furthermore pakuan pajajaran name became popular as a royal name. Early "establishment" Pajajaran calculated in Sri Baduga Maharaha authorities, namely the year 1482.
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| Pajajaran kingdom inscriptions |
Historical sources
From historical records that exist, both from inscriptions, ancient manuscripts, as well as record foreign nations, it can be traced traces of this kingdom; among others, the empire and the capital pakuan pajajaran. Regarding the Kingdom of Sunda kings who ruled from the capital pakuan pajajaran, there is a difference between the sequence of texts Babad Pajajaran, Carita Parahiangan, and Carita Waruga Teachers.
In addition to manuscripts chronicle, Pajajaran Kingdom also left a trail of relics from the past, such as:
• Slate Inscription, Bogor
• Inscription Tread Sanghyang, Sukabumi
• Inscription Kawali, Ciamis
• Inscription Rakyan Savior Pangambat
• Inscription Horren
• Inscription Astanagede
• Agreement Tugu Portuguese (padrao), Kampung Tugu, Jakarta
• Wildlife poaching, which is now the Bogor Botanical Garden
• The Book of Song of the story and the story Sundayana Parahyangan
• Foreign News of Tome Pires (1513) and Pigafetta (1522)
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| slate inscription of the kingdom Pajajaran |
Geographic terms of Pajajaran Kingdom
Located in Parahyangan (Sunda). Ferns as the capital of Sunda dicacat by Tom Peres (1513 AD) in "The Suma oriantal", he mentioned that the capital of the Kingdom of Sunda called Dayo (dayeuh) was located far as far as two-day trip from Kalapa (Jakarta).
Overall condition Pajajaran Kingdom (POLISOSBUD conditions), namely the condition of Politics (Political-Government)
Pajajaran Kingdom is located in West Java, which is growing at 8-16 century. The kings that ever reigned Pajajaran Kingdom, among others:
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| Pajajaran kingdom map |
List king Pajajaran
• Baduga Sri Maharaja (1482 - 1521), reigns Pakuan (now Bogor)
• Surawisesa (1521 - 1535), reigns Pakuan
• Queen of the Gods (1535 - 1543), reigns Pakuan
• Ratu Sakti (1543 - 1551), reigns Pakuan
• Queen Nilakendra (1551-1567), left Pakuan attack Hasanuddin and his son, Maulana Yusuf
• Mulya Raga (1567 - 1579), known as Prabu Surya Kencana, ruled from PandeglangMaharaja Jayabhupati (Haji-Ri-Sunda)
• Rahyang Niskala Wastu Kencana
• Rahyang Dewa Niskala (Rahyang Ningrat Kencana)
• Baduga Sri Maharaja
• Hyang Wuni Sora
• Ratu Samian (King Surawisesa)
• King and Queen of the Gods.
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| Sri Baduga illusration |
Peak Glory / Golden Empire Pajajaran
Pajajaran Kingdom during the reign of Maharaja Sri Baduga experienced a golden age. This reason is also that many remembered and spoken of West Java, as if Sri Baduga or Siliwangi is the King who never full, always immortal in the hearts and minds of the people.
Pajajaran in the future development of Sri Baduga concerning all aspects of life. About spiritual development is reported in the Carita Parahyangan.
The Maharaja made great work, namely; make big talaga named Maharena Wijaya, making the road leading to the capital Pakuan and Wanagiri. He reinforce (defense) of the capital, giving the village a fief to all priests and religious followers to stimulate activity that becomes a guide to people's lives. Then make Kabinihajian (kaputren), chivalry (dormitory warriors), performances (an assortment of combat formation), pamingtonan (venue), strengthening the armed forces, organize the collection of tribute from the kings of subordinates and developing legislation kingdom
The material development that is traceable also in the inscription Kabantenan and Batutulis, at the Juru Pantun profiled and Chronicle writer, currently can be terjejaki, but no less that destroyed inedible era.
From the second inscription and Pantun Stories and Stories Babad known that Sri Baduga has been ordered to make a fief territory; make Talaga Maharena Wijaya; strengthen the capital; make Kabinihajian, chivalry, performances, pamingtonan, strengthen the armed forces, organize the collection of tribute from the kings of subordinates and developing legislation kingdom
The highlight of destruction
Pajajaran kingdom collapsed in 1579 due to attack other Sunda kingdom, the Sultanate of Banten. The end of the era was marked by diboyongnya Palangkaraya Pajajaran Sriman Sriwacana (Singgahsana king), from pakuan pajajaran to Sultan Surosowan in Banten by Maulana Yusuf forces.
200x160x20 cm sized stone was brought to Banten for political tradition that in pakuan pajajaran no longer possible to be crowned the new king, and signifies Maulana Yusuf is the legitimate successor Sunda power because of her great is the daughter of Maharaja Sri Baduga. Palangka Sriwacana Sriman is currently to be found in front of the former palace Surosowan in Banten. Banten people call Watu Gilang, means shiny or glow, synonymous with the word Sriman.
Conditions Economic Life
In general, people living Pajajaran Kingdom of agriculture, especially rice cultivation. In addition, Pajajaran also develop shipping and trade. Pajajaran Kingdom has six important ports, the Port of Banten, helter, Cigede, Tamgara, Sunda Kelapa (Jakarta), and Cimanuk (Pamanukan)
Conditions Social Life
Pajajaran community life can be in class into groups of artists (gamelan players, dancers and clowns), farmer groups, trade groups.
Culture of life
Pajajaran community cultural life is influenced by Hinduism. Relic-legacy in the form of books and book Sangyang Parahyangan Story Siksakanda, inscriptions, and other types of batik.
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